What is a switchback in hiking? When looking for a new hiking trail using one of the best navigation apps, you’ve probably come across references to switchbacks, usually in the context of a steep or daunting-sounding section and wondered what exactly it means. Are switchbacks something to be feared or eagerly anticipated? We explain what a switchback is here, how they’re better than hiking in a straight line, and why you should never cut switchbacks.
What is a switchback on a trail?
The North American usage of the term switchback means a 180-degree bend in a road or path, and in hiking it refers to the zigzag-like route a hiking trail often takes. Ancient humans recognized that the best way up a steep slope is to wind up it, as evidenced in trails like the Inca Trail.
When hiking trails are being constructed today, switchbacks are often planned for areas where the grade of the hill is quite steep. Instead of going straight up the steep section, you turn and cut along the side of the mountain for a while, then turn back in the opposite direction, ascending more gradually and reducing the intensity of the climb.
If you’re looking at a hiking trail on a map and see lots of switchbacks, it tells you that this particular section is probably quite steep, so you might plan to stop for a break beforehand and drink some water in preparation.
Are switchbacks hard?
Good question. As we’ve just explained, switchbacks are designed to make climbing less intense, but that doesn’t necessarily make them easy. In terms of climbing, they’ll be easier than charging straight up the hill, and same goes for the descent, but you’re still hiking a steep piece of slope. Plus, they add more distance to your route, so you’ll be walking for longer. Some hikes, like Colorado’s Notch Mountain, seem like they are unnecessarily long because they have so many switchbacks, whereas one of the toughest sections of the Appalachian Trail in New Hampshire could probably do with a few more switchbacks.
Can you cut switchbacks?
You’ve probably seen signs on the trail that request you do not cut switchbacks and even if you feel like you’re fit enough to just go straight up and save yourself some time, you should always obey this rule and follow good etiquette. The beauty of established hiking trails is that they limit the damage caused by your hiking boots to a smaller area than if every hiker just picked their own way up the hill. If you cut switchbacks, you end up trampling on vegetation and disrupting the ecology beneath your feet. Over time, this leads to soil erosion too.
Oftentimes, these signs have been placed in areas where conservation efforts are actively in place to restore ecosystems. If hikers habitually cut switchbacks, the trail may eventually be rerouted or even closed to restore an area. So, if you want to keep enjoying the outdoors, please take the long and winding road.
