Virtually all rock climbing gear is focused on safety, except for your climbing shoes, which are all about performance. Those snug-fitting, smelly rubber shoes might not look like much at all, but they can be the make-or-break of nailing a tough overhang or enduring a long crack. The best climbing shoes offer you great grip even when you’re edging, good foot sensitivity on the rock and – even though climbing shoes are meant to have a tight fit – sufficient comfort that you can actually climb in them. With so many different types of rock climbing, you’ve probably figured that there are bound to be different types of rock climbing shoes and you'd be right.
That's why we're here to provide the beta on the three main types of rock climbing shoe, the advantages and disadvantages of each, as well as other factors to look for when picking out your first – or next – pair.
Types of climbing shoe
The three main types of climbing shoe are:
- Neutral/flat-lasted climbing shoes: These feature a flat profile and are much more comfortable than more aggressive climbing shoes on long-multi-pitch climbs. Their stiffer sole also makes them well suited to jamming into cracks and the like.
- Moderate climbing shoes: These have a moderately downturned profile and a thinner sole than neutral shoes. Not quite as comfortable on long routes, they are, nevertheless, a good all rounder that can be used on pretty much all kinds of climbs.
- Aggressive climbing shoes: These have an aggressively downturned profile and a thin sole, which gives them power, precision and sensitivity on difficult routes. They're the least comfortable and the least durable too, but also the highest performing.
| Type | Features | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Neutral/flat-lasted | Flat/neutral profile with a thicker, stiffer sole. | Comfort on multi-pitch climbs. Good for jamming into cracks thanks to rigid sole. Tend to be the most durable. | Less sensitivity on more technical routes. |
| Moderate | A slightly downturned profile with a thinner sole. | More power and sensitivity on harder routes. | Not as comfortable or durable as flat-lasted shoes. |
| Aggressive | Aggressive downturned profile and a thin sole. | High performance and sensitivity on technical routes. | The least comfortable and not as durable. |
Meet the experts
Julia spent a decade living in Vail, Colorado, where she became accustomed to climbing adventures in big mountains. Now back in her native Scotland, she's one of our leading experts on all things climbing and mountain adventure.
Former President of the London Mountaineering Club, Alex is passionate about exciting outdoor pursuits. He enjoys all forms of climbing, whether trad, sport, scrambling, alpine mountaineering or taking on snow-covered peaks in winter.
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Neutral/flat-lasted climbing shoes
- Flat/neutral profile
- Thicker, stiffer sole
Neutral, or flat-lasted climbing shoes essentially look the most like a regular shoe. By that, we mean there’s no great curvature of the sole. The sole is more or less flat, keeping your foot in a fairly natural position, which is why they’re often recommended for beginner climbers who won’t be used to the discomfort of most climbing shoes. However, we’re not so sure that’s a fair classification, as lots of experienced climbers prefer these shoes too, particularly for long, multi-pitch climbing – they often simply size down for a more technical fit.
The more comfortable fit of shoes like the Five Ten NIAD Lace climbing shoe means you’ll be happier spending the whole day in them, and they have a stiffer, thicker sole so they’re also the preferred choice for jamming your foot in when you’re crack climbing. They’re a bit sturdier and tend to withstand more wear and tear, but on the flip side, you will experience less foot sensitivity in these, so you may not want to use them once you start to tackle more advanced routes.
Moderate climbing shoes
- Moderately downturned profile
- Thinner sole
Compared to neutral climbing shoes, moderate climbing shoes have a slightly downturned profile, meaning the toe box curls down a little, and a thinner sole. This provides more power and sensitivity for climbing, so these are often recommended for more experienced climbers, and they’re better for more advanced climbing routes.
The downturned profile means they’re not as comfortable as your neutral shoes, so you won't be quite as happy wearing them for a full day of climbing, but you’ll definitely feel more secure on the wall in them. These shoes can handle every type of climbing route, but the thinner sole means they’re not quite as tough and durable as the neutral shoe. It can be good to climb in a pair of moderate shoes like the Tenaya Ra LV for a while before progressing to the aggressive profile.
Aggressive climbing shoes
- Aggressive downturned profile
- Thin sole
Aggressive climbing shoes are meant for aggressive climbing routes. These are high performing shoes with a significantly downturned profile that often also curve asymmetrically like a banana from your heel to your big toe. This design is intended to make it easier for you to transfer the strength of your leg into your big toe without losing your footing. Expect lots of sensitivity in aggressive shoes like the Scarpa Instinct Lace, especially on tricky routes with overhangs.
Needless to say, the position of your foot in these shoes will be the least comfortable of all three types, and there’s a good chance you’ll want to change back into your approach shoes when you’re on belay. These aren’t great for crack climbing, unfortunately, and you’ll probably want more comfort and protection for multi-pitch days at the crag.
Other considerations when choosing rock climbing shoes
Once you’ve figured out which profile you’re in the market for, there are a couple of other considerations to make that will affect the comfort and performance of your shoes.
Stiff or soft midsole?
Some climbing shoes like the Tenaya Masai boast a stiff midsole, which might reduce foot sensitivity on the rock, but provides you with more protection against jagged rock and more support when you’re spending all day balancing on tiptoes.
The softer midsole of shoes like the Black Diamond Momentums sacrifices a little of that support and power for comfort, so again these should be your choice if you’re brand new or looking at long days. They're also great for smearing, a technique used on relatively featureless slabs.
Fastening type
- Velcro: Velcro climbing shoes are popular because they’re so easy to get on and off, so people love them at the climbing wall and for bouldering. They provide some level of adaptability for when your feet swell and shrink, but only around the actual Velcro. The Velcro itself isn’t always as durable as laces.
- Lace up: Lace up shoes take a little longer to get on and off, so they might be a nuisance if you like to kick your shoes off between climbs, but the laces do allow you to get a really snug, customized fit. If the laces fall apart, you can just buy a new pair.
- Slip on: Like ballet slippers, slip on climbing shoes are extra stretchy so you can pull them on, and a vacuum fit holds them in place. They’re pretty comfortable, although there’s no way to tighten them, so they may not be the best choice for unusually-shaped feet. That said, there’s no Velcro or laces to deal with or snag on rock.
